EM Figure Library

Every electron micrograph on this site, in one place, so you can pull them into a deck without hunting through content pages.

All of them are rendered from the public H01 human cortex volume — not copied from a publication, and not illustrations. Where a figure names a structure, that structure was located by querying H01’s own label layers, so “astrocytic process” means the dataset labels it an astrocyte.

Reuse: the H01 release states that "all released datasets are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License." These renderings inherit that. Attribute as: H01 dataset, Lichtman Laboratory (Harvard University) and Connectomics at Google; Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).

Regenerate: scripts/render_h01_figures.py and scripts/render_em_figures.py rebuild every figure here from scratch. Both work on any Neuroglancer precomputed dataset, so the same code points at MICrONS or FlyWire.

Scale — from a whole sample to a synapse

Each step is roughly 4× closer than the last. Same tissue throughout.

One whole section

One whole section
A ~4 mm wedge of human temporal cortex. 5,019 sections were cut at 33.9 nm mean thickness. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:780](../../../assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/01-whole-sample.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/01-whole-sample.jpg · open full size

≈460 µm — cell bodies and vessels

≈460 µm — cell bodies and vessels
Individual somata resolve, along with the pale profiles of blood vessels. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/03-cell-field.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/03-cell-field.jpg · open full size

≈29 µm — a single neuron

≈29 µm — a single neuron
Nuclear envelope, prominent nucleolus, surrounding neuropil, myelinated axons in cross-section. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/05-neuron-soma.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/05-neuron-soma.jpg · open full size

≈3.6 µm — native 4 nm resolution

≈3.6 µm — native 4 nm resolution
Membranes, mitochondria and vesicle clouds. The resolution the whole volume was imaged at. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/07-synapse-level.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/07-synapse-level.jpg · open full size

Cortical layers L1–L6 and white matter

Cortical layers L1–L6 and white matter
H01's released layer segmentation. The sample spans the full cortical thickness. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:900](../../../assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/11-cortical-layers.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/11-cortical-layers.jpg · open full size

Neuroanatomy

Structures located by querying H01’s own label layers, not chosen by eye.

Neuronal soma

Neuronal soma
Large pale nucleus, single prominent nucleolus — the cue that makes somata findable at low magnification. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/soma-ultrastructure.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/soma-ultrastructure.jpg · open full size

Dendrite and organelles

Dendrite and organelles
Labelled 'dendrite' by the subcompartment model. Large branched mitochondria exclude axonal identity. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/dendrite-and-organelles.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/dendrite-and-organelles.jpg · open full size

Myelinated axon

Myelinated axon
Compact myelin reads as a dark annulus at 4 nm. Individual lamellae (12 nm period = 3 px) are NOT resolvable. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:560](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/myelinated-axon.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/myelinated-axon.jpg · open full size

Myelin across a grey-matter field

Myelin across a grey-matter field
Every myelinated axon highlighted by the myelin mask — a small minority of profiles in cortex. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/myelin-in-grey-matter.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/myelin-in-grey-matter.jpg · open full size

Astrocytic process

Astrocytic process
Pale cytoplasm and an irregular, space-filling outline that wraps its neighbours. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/astrocyte-process.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/astrocyte-process.jpg · open full size

Cortical blood vessel

Cortical blood vessel
H01 contains ~230 mm of vasculature. Vessels are a common site of merge errors. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/blood-vessel.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/blood-vessel.jpg · open full size

Excitatory vs inhibitory synapse

Excitatory vs inhibitory synapse
Matched scale, nothing drawn over either density. At 4 nm a Type I PSD is 8–12 px — the asymmetry is genuinely subtle. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:1000](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/synapse-asymmetric-vs-symmetric.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/synapse-asymmetric-vs-symmetric.jpg · open full size

Segmentation and proofreading

The figures that show a pipeline decision rather than a structure.

Classify these profiles, then check

Classify these profiles, then check
Raw EM beside the six-class answer key. Works as a live exercise: ask the room before revealing the right panel. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:1080](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/neuropil-raw-vs-subcompartments.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/neuropil-raw-vs-subcompartments.jpg · open full size

Flood-filling network output

Flood-filling network output
197 distinct objects in one small field. Every colour is an object the pipeline asserts is continuous in 3D. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/10b-segmentation-overlay.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/case-studies/h01/10b-segmentation-overlay.jpg · open full size

The merge/split dial: c2 vs c3

The merge/split dial: c2 vs c3
c2 calls this one object; c3 calls it two. Across 104 proofread cells, c3 needed 1.6× fewer merge fixes and 2.1× more split fixes. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:1080](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/segmentation-c2-vs-c3.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/segmentation-c2-vs-c3.jpg · open full size

Before and after a human fixed it

Before and after a human fixed it
Green is genuinely the cell; red is 11,038 voxels the algorithm absorbed and a proofreader removed. Note the soma needs no correction at all. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:1120](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/proofreading-before-after.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/proofreading-before-after.jpg · open full size

Six-class subcompartment model

Six-class subcompartment model
Axon, dendrite, soma, astrocyte, axon initial segment, cilium — the classification the pipeline uses to cut merge errors. H01 human cortex, Lichtman Lab (Harvard) & Connectomics at Google, CC BY 4.0. Shapson-Coe et al., Science 384, eadk4858 (2024).
Slide line and file path

Marp:

![w:620](../../../assets/images/content-library/em/subcompartment-classes.jpg)

File: /assets/images/content-library/em/subcompartment-classes.jpg · open full size


Using these in a deck

The lesson decks under course/decks/marp/ already carry a selection of these. To add another, paste its Marp line above into the deck source and re-render:

npm install --no-save @marp-team/marp-cli   # if you don't have it
./scripts/render_marp.sh

The render step is not optional: scripts/check_deck_freshness.rb records a hash of every deck source at render time and fails CI if a source was edited without re-rendering. That gate exists because 29 of 35 decks had silently gone stale before it did.

What these figures deliberately do not show

Some things the pages describe are simply below this volume’s resolution, and a figure claiming otherwise would teach a measurement error. At 4 nm per pixel with 33 nm sections:

Structure Size At 4 nm Showable?
Synaptic vesicle ~40 nm 10 px Yes
Type I PSD thickness 30–50 nm 8–12 px Yes, but subtle
Spine neck 100–200 nm 25–50 px Yes
Polyribosome rosette ~100 nm cluster ~25 px Yes, as a cluster
Myelin period 12 nm 3 px No — lamellae cannot be counted
Synaptic cleft width 12 vs 20 nm 3 vs 5 px No — at the noise floor
AIS dense undercoat 5–10 nm 1–2.5 px No
Gap junction gap 2–3 nm <1 px No

Anything needing a whole-cell shape — apical dendrites, interneuron morphologies, branching angles — needs a 3D mesh view rather than a single plane, and is not in this set.